Selasa, 15 Juli 2014

Sayyid Muhammad Alwi Al Maliki

Shaykh al-Sharif Al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Alawi ibn Abbas ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Maliki al-Hasani al-'Idrisi al-Makki (1944–2004) adalah seorang ulama sunni yang terkenal ( Sunni Islamic scholar) dari  Saudi Arabia.
Sayyid Muhammad Alwi Al Maliki

Kehidupannya

Latar Belakang Keluarga

Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki dilahirkan di Makkah dalam sebuah keluarga yang terkenal dengan keulamaannya yang mana sebagaimana dirinya mengajar di Masjidil Haram. Lima orang dari Bapak dan kakeknya merupakan Imam-Imam Mazhab Maliki di Masjidil Haram Makkah. Kakeknya, al-Sayyid Abbas al-Maliki dulu merupakan Mufti atau Qadli di Makkah dan Imam serta Khatib Masjidil Haram. Posisi ini tetap beliau pegang semenjak zaman Turki Usmani dan Hasimiyyah, dan terus berlanjut hingga berdirinya kerajaan Saudi. Beliau mengajar berbagai keilmuan Islam tradisional di Masjidil Haram Makkah selama hampir 40 tahun.

Pendidikan

Atas perintah ayahnya, Abuya Almaliki belajar dan menguasai berbagai keilmuan Islam tradisional meliputi Aqidah, Tafsir, Hadith, Sirah Nabawiyyah, Fiqh, Usul, Mustalah Hadith, Nahwu. Para Ulama Mekah dan Madinah memberikannya Ijazah penuh untuk mengajarkan semua ilmu tersebut. Beberapa Ulama di mana beliau telah mendapatkan Ijazah dan Sanad Ilmu antara lain : Ayahnya sendiri, Shaykh al-Sayyid 'Alawi ibn 'Abbas al-Maliki al-Hasani, Shaykh as-Sayyid al-Habib Ahmad Mashhur TaHa al-Haddad, Shaikh Hasanain Makhlouf, Shaykh Muhammad Hafidh al-Tijani, Shaykh Amin Kutbi, dan banyak lagi ulama lainnya.[2] Saudaranya, Sayyid Abbas juga merupakan seorang ulama terkenal namun lebih dikenal oleh kemerduan suaranya dan merupakan pembaca Qasidah terkenal di  Saudi Arabia.

Sesudah menamatkan pendidikan tradisionalnya di kota kelahirannya Makkah, beliau dikirim oleh bapaknya untuk belajar di Universitas Al-Azhar Mesir. Di Al-Azhar beliau meraih gelar Ph.D. di umur 25, yang membuat beliau merupakan orang Saudi pertama dan termuda yang meraih Ph.D. dari sana. Disertasi beliau tentang Hadith di beri nilai sempurna dan sangat dipuji oleh ulama terkenal Al-Azhar pada masa itu, seperti Muhammad Abu Zahra.

Karir

Ketika beliau baru berumur 15 tahun, Buya al-Maliki telah mulai mengajarkan Hadith dan Fiqh di Masjidil Haram Makkah pada para pelajar yang diperintahkan oleh guru mereka masing-masing. Buya Maliki, sebagaimana semua Syeikh trdisional dan sebagaimana leluhur Buya sendiri, mengajar para santri di rumah mereka sendiri dan memberikan mereka makan, perlindungan, serta kebutuhan pokok lainnya tanpa memungut biaya apapun.

 Para Santri ini biasanya tinggal bersamaa beliau selama beberapa tahun, mempelajari berbagai cabang pengetahuan Islam, sebelum mereka kembali ketanah airnya masing-masing. Ratusan Santri-santri ini selanjutnya menjadi sumber rujukan pengetahuan Islam ditempatnya masing-masing, khususnya di Indonesia, Malaysia, Mesir, Yaman, dan Dubai. Sesudah beliau kembali dari Al-Azhar beliau ditunjuk sebagai professor ilmu Syari'at di Ummul Qura Makkah di mana beliau mengajar semenjak 1970. Pada tahun 1971, sesudah wafatnya orang tua beliau, para ulama Makkah meminta beliau untuk menerima posisi ayah beliau selaku guru di Masjidil Haram, di mana keluarga beliau telah mengajar di situ selama lebih dari satu abad. Beliau juga mengajar di Masjid Nabawi Madinah. Pengajaran beliau merupakan majelis yang paling ramai dihadiri di antara dua masjid tersebut.

Murid-murid beliau yang terkenal di antaranya adalah puteranya sendiri As Sayyid Ahmad bin Muhammad Bin Alawi Al Maliki yang masih mengajar dikediaman mereka di Makkah setiap hari, As Sayyid Abdullah Fad'aq yaitu ulama sunni Saudi yang terkenal dan mengajar dikediamannya di Jeddah, Habib Ali AlJufri dan Habib Umar bin Hafidz.

In the early 1980s, he relinquished his teaching position in the Umm al-Qura University as well as his ancestral chair of teaching in the Masjid al-Haram, due to the Fatwās of the Council of the Senior Scholars of Saudi Arabia headed by Mufti Ibn Baaz, who considered his beliefs to be in violation of the purity of the Monotheistic belief (Tawhid). Shaykh Saalih Aal-Shaykh, the incumbent Minister of Islamic affairs authored a book entitled "Haazihi Mafaahimuna" [these are our views] in which he attacked the beliefs of the Sayyid, pronouncing him to be deviant and misguided. The book was in fact a rebuttal of Sayyid Al-Maliki's book: "Mafaahim yajib An Tusahhah" [Views that must be corrected].

Di awal tahun 1980an, Buya al Maliki melepaskan jabatannya sebagai Dosen di Universitas Umm al-Qura serta juga posisi yang telah dipegang oleh keluarganya turun temurun sebagai pengajar di Masjidil Haram, akibat Fatwa kibaru ulama Saudi Arabia yang diketuai oleh Mufti Bin Baaz, yang menyimpulkan keyakinannya telah melanggar kemurnian dari Tauhid. (dari Bloger: Bagi orang yang tidak tahu menahu tentu mengira Buya al maliki telah sesat, namun jika seorang mempunyai sedikit "intelegensi" akan menyadari bahwa ada yang kurang beres, bagaimana bisa pengajaran yang telah berlangsung berabad dari satu keluarga religius turun temurun dan dari keluarga yang merupakan pemegang sanad ilmu terkokoh di dunia Islam, bukan dari buku-buku belaka sebagaimana dilakonkan oleh para Zalim ini yang mana para Zalimin ini tidak lebih sekelompok orang menyempal yang tiba-tiba menyembul dengan kulitas keilmuan dan sanad ilmu yang tidak diketahui rimbanya yang dengan tangan berlumuran darah dan dukungan minyak petro dolar serta ambisis duniawi tiba-tiba mengumumkan semua pemahaman Islam hampir seribu tahun sebagai pemahaman yang telah menyalahi tauhid yang murni, kepada Allah saja kita berserah atas kezaliman dahsyat yang tengah diderita umat ini di era banyak fitnah seperti ini, situasi kezaliman yang melanda kaum muslimin dan pusat-pusat Islam ini mengingatkan kita ketika Umat Islam dicengkram oleh akidah Muktazilah dahulu kala yang mana mereka menguasai seluruh aspek keberagamaan umat Islam, melecehkan para ulama sejati dan zalim)


Regardless of criticisms against him, Maliki retained prominence. In an attempt to counter the Islamic revival in the early 1990s, the Government of Saudi Arabia began supporting practitioners of Sufism in the Hijaz region as a way to bolster religious support of the state; Maliki became the self-imposed leader of Hijazi Sufism under state sponsorship, with several thousand supporters.[3]
From that time until his death in 2004, he taught Hadith, Fiqh, Tafsir and Tasawwuf at his home and mosque on al-Maliki street in the Rusayfah district of Mecca, and his public lessons, between Maghrib and Isha', were attended by no less than 500 people daily. Many students from the University used to attend his lessons in the evenings. Even the night before he died, his lesson was well attended. Hundreds of students from all over the Islamic world benefited from his lessons in the Masjid al-Haram Makkah and many hold key religious positions in their lands today.
He was also nominated as the head judge at the international Qira'at (Qur'anic reading) competition in Mecca for three consecutive years.

Death

He died in 2004 and was buried in Mecca. After his death, high Saudi dignitaries made widely publicized condolence visits to his family.[4] Crown Prince 'Abd Allah (the future king) was quoted as stating that al-Maliki "was faithful both to his religion and country"[5] as one western journalist noted, "the rehabilitation of his legacy was almost complete." [6]

Students

The Shaykh had over 1,000 or more students who studied under him[citation needed], both in the Haram in Makkah as well as at his residence in Makkah. Amongst his students is Shaykh Ahmad bin Muhammad ibn Alawi al-Maliki, the son of Shaykh Muhammad, as well as the following
  • Shaykh Seraj Hendricks of the Zawiyah institute in South Africa[7]
  • Shaykh Ahmad Hendricks of the Zawiyah institute in South Africa
  • Shaykh Fakhruddin Owaisi of South Africa
  • Shaykh Munawwar Atiq Ridwi of the UK/Pakistan
  • Shaykh Asrar Rashid of the UK/Pakistan
  • Al-Musnid Syeikh Muhammad Fuad bin Kamaluddin Al Maliki As Sanusi (Syeikh Muhammad Al Maliki assumed him as his own child)
  • Syeikh Ahmad Fahmi Zamzam Al Maliki

Ijazahs

Al-Maliki had the opportunity to study from leading Ulama of his time. Some of the scholars who gave him Ijazah include[citation needed]:
From Mecca:
  1. His learned father and his first teacher, al-Sayyid Alawi bin Abbas al-Maliki
  2. Shaykh Muhammad Yahya Aman al-Makki
  3. Shaykh al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Arabi al-Tabbani
  4. Shaykh Hasan Sa'id al-Yamani
  5. Shaykh Hasan bin Muhammad al-Mashshat
  6. Shaykh Muhammad Nur Sayf
  7. Shaykh Muhammad Yasin al-Fadani
  8. Al-Sayyid Muhammad Amin Kutbi
  9. Al-Sayyid Ishaq bin Hashim 'Azuz
  10. Habib Hasan bin Muhammad Fad'aq
  11. Habib Abd-al-Qadir bin 'Aydarus al-Bar
  12. Shaykh Khalil Abd-al-Qadir Taybah
  13. Shaykh Abd-Allah al-Lahji
From Medina:
  1. Shaykh Hasan al-Sha'ir, Shaykh al-Qurra of Madinah
  2. Shaykh Diya-al-Din Ahmad al-Qadiri
  3. Al-Sayyid Ahmad Yasin al-Khiyari
  4. Shaykh Muhammad al-Mustafa al-Alawi al-Shinqiti
  5. Shaykh Ibrahim al-Khatani al-Bukhari
From Hadhramaut and Yemen:
  1. Al-Habib Umar bin Ahmad bin Sumayt, Grand Imam of Hadhramaut
  2. Shaykh al-Sayyid Muhammad Zabarah, Mufti of Yemen
  3. Shaykh al-Sayyid Ibrahim bin Aqeel al-Ba-Alawi, Mufti of Ta'iz
  4. Al-Imam al-Sayyid Ali bin Abd-al-Rahman al-Hibshi
  5. Al-Habib Alawi ibn Abd-Allah bin Shihab
  6. Al-Sayyid Hasan bin Abd-al-Bari al-Ahdal
  7. Shaykh Fadhl bin Muhammad Ba-Fadhal
  8. Al-Habib Abd-Allah bin Alawi al-Attas
  9. Al-Habib Muhammad bin Salim bin Hafiz
  10. Al-Habib Ahmad Mashhur al-Haddad
  11. Al-Habib Abd-al-Qadir al-Saqqaf
From Syria:
  1. Shaykh Abu-al-Yasar ibn Abidin, Mufti of Syria
  2. Shaykh al-Sayyid al-Sharif Muhammad al-Makki al-Kattani, Mufti of the Malikis
  3. Shaykh Muhammad As'ad al-Abaji, Mufti of the Shafi'is
  4. Shaykh al-Sayyid Muhammad Salih al-Farfur
  5. Shaykh Hasan Habannakah al-Maydani
  6. Shaykh Abd-al-Aziz 'Uyun al-Sud al-Himsi
  7. Shaykh Muhammad Sa'id al-Idlabi al-Rifa'i
From Egypt:
  1. Shaykh al-Sayyid Muhammad al-Hafiz al-Tijani, Imam of Hadith in Egypt
  2. Shaykh Hasanayn Muhammad Makhluf, Mufti of Egypt
  3. Shaykh Salih al-Ja'fari, Imam of the Azhar
  4. Shaykh Amin Mahmud Khattab al-Subki
  5. Shaykh Muhammad al-'Aquri
  6. Shaykh Hasan al-'Adawi
  7. Shaykh al-Sayyid Muhammad Abu-al-'Uyun al-Khalwati
  8. Shaykh Dr.Abd-al-Halim Mahmud, Rector of al-Azhar
From the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia):
  1. Shaykh al-Sayyid al-Sharif Abd-al-Kabir al-Saqali al-Mahi
  2. Al-Sharif Idris al-Sanusi, King of Libya
  3. Shaykh Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur, Imam of the Zaytunah, Tunis
  4. Shaykh al-Tayyib al-Muhaji al-Jaza'iri
  5. Shaykh al-Faruqi al-Rahhali al-Marrakashi
  6. Shaykh al-Sayyid al-Sharif Muhammad al-Muntasir al-Kattani
From the Sudan:
  1. Shaykh Yusuf Hamad al-Nil
  2. Shaykh Muddassir Ibrahim
  3. Shaykh Ibrahim Abu-al-Nur
  4. Shaykh al-Tayyib Abu-Qinayah
From the Indo-Pak subcontinent:
  1. Shaykh Abu-al-Wafa al-Afghani al-Hanafi,
  2. Shaykh Abd-al-Mu'id Khan Hyderabadi
  3. Mufti al-Azam al-Hindal-Imam al'Arif Billah Mustafa Rida Khan al-Barelawi, Mufti of India
  4. Mufti Muhammad Shafi' al-Deobandi, Mufti of Pakistan
  5. Mawlana Muhammad Zakariyyah al-Kandahlawi, Imam of Hadith
  6. Mawlana Zafar Ahmad Thanawi
  7. Shaykh al-Muhaddith Habib-al-Rahman al-�Azami
  8. Sayyid Abu-al-Hasan Ali al-Nadawi
[8]

Works

Al-Maliki was a prolific writer and has produced close to one hundred books. He has written on a variety of religious, legal, social and historical topics and many of his books are prescribed textbooks in Islamic institutes around the world.

Selected works on various subjects

Aqidah

  • Mafahim Yajib ‘an Tusahhah
  • Manhaj al-Salaf fi Fahm al-Nusus
  • Al-Tahzir min al-Takfir
  • Huwa Allah
  • Qul Hazihi Sabeeli
  • Sharh ‘Aqidat al-‘Awam

Tafsir

  • Zubdat al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an
  • Wa Huwa bi al-Ufuq al-‘A’la
  • Al-Qawa‘id al-Asasiyyah fi ‘Ulum al-Quran
  • Hawl Khasa’is al-Quran

Hadith

  • Al-Manhal al-Latif fi Usul al-Hadith al-Sharif
  • Al-Qawa‘id al-Asasiyyah fi ‘Ilm Mustalah al-Hadith
  • Fadl al-Muwatta wa Inayat al-Ummah al-Islamiyyah bihi
  • Anwar al-Masalik fi al-Muqaranah bayn Riwayat al-Muwatta lil-Imam Malik

Seerah

  • Muhammad al-Insan al-Kamil
  • ‘Urf al-T ‘arif bi al-Mawlid al-Sharif
  • Al-Anwar al-Bahiyyah fi Isra wa M’iraj Khayr al-Bariyyah
  • Al-Zakha’ir al-Muhammadiyyah[9]
  • Zikriyat wa Munasabat
  • Al-Bushra fi Manaqib al-Sayyidah Khadijah al-Kubra

Usul

  • Al-Qawa‘id al-Asasiyyah fi Usul al-Fiqh
  • Sharh Manzumat al-Waraqat fi Usul al-Fiqh
  • Mafhum al-Tatawwur wa al-Tajdid fi al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah

Tasawwuf

  • Shawariq al-Anwar min Ad‘iyat al-Sadah al-Akhyar
  • Al-Mukhtar min Kalam al-Akhyar
  • Al-Husun al-Mani‘ah
  • Mukhtasar Shawariq al-Anwar

Miscellaneous

  • Fi Rihab al-Bayt al-Haram (History of Mecca)
  • Al-Mustashriqun Bayn al-Insaf wa al-‘Asabiyyah (Study of Orientalism)
  • Nazrat al-Islam ila al-Riyadah (Sports in Islam)
  • Al-Qudwah al-Hasanah fi Manhaj al-Da‘wah ila Allah (Methods of Dawah)
  • Ma La ‘Aynun Ra’at (Description of Paradise)
  • Nizam al-Usrah fi al-Islam (Islam and Family)
  • Al-Muslimun Bayn al-Waqi‘ wa al-Tajribah (Contemporary Muslim world)
  • Kashf al-Ghumma (Virtues of helping fellow Muslims)
  • Al-Dawah al-Islahiyyah (Call for Reform)
  • Fi Sabil al-Huda wa al-Rashad (Collection of speeches)
  • Sharaf al-Ummah al-Islamiyyah (Superiority of the Muslim Ummah)
  • Usul al-Tarbiyah al-Nabawiyyah (Prophetic methods of education)
  • Nur al-Nibras fi Asanid al-Jadd al-Sayyid Abbas (Set of Grandfather’s Ijazahs)
  • Al-‘Uqud al-Lu’luiyyah fi al-Asanid al-Alawiyyah (Set of father’s Ijazahs)
  • Al-Tali‘ al-Sa‘id al-Muntakhab min al-Musalsalat wa al-Asanid (Set of Ijazahs)
  • Al-‘Iqd al-Farid al-Mukhtasar min al-Athbah wa al-Asanid (Set of Ijazahs)

See also

References

  1. Marion Holmes Katz, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad: Devotional piety in Sunni Islam, p. 185. ISBN 0203962141. Publication Date: June 6, 2007
  2. Obituary to al-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi al-Maliki
  3. Stephane Lacroix, Awakening Islam, pg. 220. Trns. George Holoch. Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2011.
  4. Marion Holmes Katz, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad: Devotional piety in Sunni Islam, p. 215. ISBN 0203962141. Publication Date: June 6, 2007. See Khalid ' Abd Allah, " al-Amlr Sultan yazuru usrat al-Duktur Muhammad 'Alawl al-Malikl mu'azziyan," Jaridat al-Riyad, 19 Ramadan 1425 (accessed at www.alriyadh.com/Contents/02-l l-2004/Mainpage/LOCALl_24136.php on May 25, 2006).
  5. See P.K. Abdul Ghafour, "Abdullah Lauds Noble Efforts of Al-Malki," Arab News, November 2, 2004.(http://www.arabnews.com/node/257480)
  6. Marion Holmes Katz, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad: Devotional piety in Sunni Islam, p. 215. ISBN 0203962141. Publication Date: June 6, 2007. Quoting Ambah, "In Saudi Arabia," p. A13.
  7. Sindre Bangstad, Global Flows, Local Appropriations: Facets of Secularisation and Re-Islamization Among Contemporary Cape Muslims (ISIM Dissertations), Sep 2007, p 295
  8. Obituary to al-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi al-Maliki
  9. Zakha'ir al-Muhammadiyyah Urdu Translation

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