DESTRUCTION OF ISLAMIC HERITAGE IN SAUDI ARABIA – SECTION 1
(Penghancuran Warisan Kekayaan Islam di Saudi Arabia--Bagian 1)
Muslims throughout the world are extremely disturbed, dismayed and frustrated to watch the systematic destruction of Islamic Heritage in Saudi Arabia for construction of commercial complexes, tourism hotels and public toilets. This unchecked behavior of Saudi Royals and the Rich has damaged the identity of Islam tremendously. Read more...
(Terjemahan Blogger:Kaum muslimin di seluruh dunia (yaitu yang memiliki hati dan akal yang terletak di tempat semestinya yaitu dikepala dan hati tentunya) sangatlah merasa terganggu, gusar dan frustasi menyaksikan penghancuran secara sistematik warisan tak ternilai dari Islam demi dibangunnya bangunan-bagunan komersial untuk Turisme, Hotel serta WC. Kelakuan yang keterlaluan dari kerajaan Saudi serta hancurnya warisan tak ternilai dari Islam ini telah meninggalkan kerusakan yang sangat dahsyat)
(Komentar Blogger: Sesuai dengan Tesis yang bloger kembangkan di Blog ini, yaitu salah satu gejala sangat mendasar dari perkembangan Islam kontemporer adalah "the Lost of Adab" sebagaimana di tekankan oleh pemikir besar Islam dari malaysia, Prof. Dr. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al Attas, yaitu hilangnya adab di segala lini, meliputi hilangnya adab ilmu, adab hubungan antara saudara seiman baik itu dari segi politik, ekonomi, sosial dan kemasyarakatan, adab terhadap para pendahulu khususnya cara menghormati Turots dan warisan terdahulu, bahkan adab terhadap warisan fisik baik itu berupa bangunan dan situs-situs bersejarah. Adab yang buruk juga disertai dengan "corruption of knowledge" yaitu adab yang buruk akan menghasilkan kelumpuhan dalam menghasilkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang berhikmah, alhasil pandangan orang yang tidak memiliki "adab" ini akan cendrung tergesa-gesa, tertutup jumud keras kepala dan pincang, monottafsir keras dan agresif.
Da'wah pun seolah telah menampilkan ekspresi teror yang menyeramkan. Penulis sangat yakin bahwa di balik ini semua ada kekuatan-kekuatan musuh islam sejati bermain, yaitu agenda dari pada Zionisme internasional dan para penikmat petro dolar. Ekspresi dari pada Islam keras yang tidak tolersan serta cendrung "brutal" ditenggarai merupakan sebuah "maha karya" riset zionis bertahun-tahun dalam memahami secara sosiologis bagaimana caranya menghacurkan wawasan, cara pandang dan warisan Islam, sehingga umat Islam sepenuhnya lumpuh dan tidak mampu bangkit lagi selamanya. Pasca era Kolonial jelas hal ini tidak akan mampu dilakukan melalui agresi militer, sehingga melalui riset sangat intensif studi orientalisme dicapailah berbagai pemahaman yang sangat strategis. Pemahaman-pemahaman tersebut diformulasikan melalui usaha-usaha menumbuhkan berbagai varian-varian ekstrim dari dalam tubuh umat Islam sendiri yang disokong dan disusupi dari dalam. Lain waktu bloger akan menampilkan fakta dan data sistematis soal ini.
Berikut Kutipan dari Wikipedia
Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(December 2010)
(Blogger translate: Penghancuran situs-situs yang terkait dengan masa Islam tumbuh dahulu adalah sebuah fenomena yang terus berlangsung utamanya di daerah Hijaz dan Arab Saudi bagian Barat, khsususnya di sekitar dua kota suci Makah dan Madinah. Peluluhlantakan situs-situs ini difokuskan pada masjid-masjid, makam, rumah serta berbagai lokasi historis lainnya yang terkait dengan Nabi Muhammad SAW serta banyak tokoh-tokoh pendiri dari sejarah Islam. Di Arab Saudi sendiri, banyak penghancuran dilakukan sebagai bagian dari rencana perluasan Masjidil Haram serta Masjid Nabawi serta fasilitas-fasilitas pendukung bagi terus membludaknya jumlah jemaah haji.)
Saudi Arabia
Islam in the Hejaz
Much of the Arabian Peninsula was politically unified by 1932 in the third and current Saudi State, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The military campaign led by King Abdulaziz ibn Saud and his Bedouin army of inspired tribesmen conquered the Hejaz and ousted the ruling Hashemite clan. The new Najdi rulers, nomadic Arabs largely tribal and illiterate, found themselves at the reins of a highly sophisticated society. A cohesive political structure based on the Majlis al-Shura (consultative council) system had been in place for centuries. A central administrative body managed an annual budget which allocated expenditure on secondary schools, military and police forces.[3](Sebagian besar wilayah Jazirah Arabia secara politik disatukan dibawah kerajaan Arab Saudi pada 1932. Gerakan militer yang dilaksanakan oleh raja Abdulaziz bin Saud dan tentara Baduinya dari kabilah-kabil yang terpengaruh telah menaklukkan Hijaz dan mendepak penguasa Makkah dari Bani Hasim. Penguasa Nejed yang baru tersebut, yang pada mulanya hanyalah kelompok kabilah Arab Badui yang buta huruf mendapatkan dirinya sebagai penguasa sebuah masyarakat yang berkebudayaan cukup tinggi. Suatu struktur politik pengikat yang bernama Majelis Sura (suatu perwakilan permusrawatan) telah berlangsung selama berabad-abad. Majelis ini juga berperan sebagai suatu badan yang menangani pendanaan tahunan yang mengalokasikan dana bagi pengadaan perlengkapan madrasah-madrasah, militer dan aparat keamanan.)
Similarly, the religious fabric of the Najd and the Hejaz were vastly different. Traditional Hejazi cultural customs and rituals were almost entirely religious in nature. Celebrations honoring the Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions, reverence of deceased saints, visitation of shrines, tombs and holy sites connected with any of these were just some of the customs indigenous to Hejazi Islam.[4]
(Begitu juga, corak relijius Najd dan Hejaz sangatlah berbeda. Adat kebiasaan tradisional orang-orang Hijaz dan ritual-ritual yang mereka lakukan sama sekali berbeda karakternya dengan orang Najd. Pelaksanaan Maulid Nabi, ahlul bait dan sahabat, memperingati waliyullah yang telah wafat, ziarah kubur , kubah serta tempat keramat suci dari para auli Allah adalah kebiasaan penduduk muslim asli Hijaz.)
As administrative authority of the Hejaz passed into the hands of Najdi [Wahabi] Muslims from the interior, the Wahabi ‘ulema (body of religious scholars) viewed local religious practices as unfounded superstition superseding codified religious sanction that was considered a total corruption of religion and the spreading of heresy.[5]
What followed was a removal of the physical infrastructure, tombs, mausoleums, mosques and sites associated with the family and companions of the Prophet.[6](Seketika otoritas pemerintahan jatuh ketangan Najdi (wahabi) muslim, ulama Wahabi (kibaru ulama wahabi) melihat praktek keagamaan lokal sebagai takhyul tidak berdasar yang layak diberi sanksi religius dan dipandang merupakan kerusakan agama serta menyebarnya kebid'ahan kemurtadan. Selanjutnya mereka menghancurkan infrastruktur fisik, maqam, kubah, mesjid dan situs-situs yang terkait dengan ahlul bait dan para sahabat ra.)
The initial dismantling of the sites began in 1806 when the Wahhabi army of the First Saudi State occupied Medina and systematically levelled many of the structures at the Jannat al-Baqi Cemetery.[7] This is the vast burial site adjacent the Prophet's Mosque (Al-Masjid al-Nabawi) housing the remains of many of the members of Muhammad’s family, close companions and central figures of early Islam. The Ottoman Turks, practitioners themselves of more tolerant and at times mystical strains of Islam, had erected elaborate mausoleums over the graves of Al-Baqi. These were levelled in their entirety. Mosques across the city were also targeted and an attempt was made to tear down Muhammad's tomb.[8]
Widespread vocal criticism of this last action by Muslim communities as far away as India, eventually led to abandoning any attempt on this site. Political claims made against Turkish control of the region initiated the Ottoman-Saudi war (1811–1818) in which the Saudi defeat forced Wahhabi tribesmen to retreat from the Hejaz back into the interior. Turkish forces reasserted control of the region and subsequently began extensive rebuilding of sacred sites between 1848 and 1860, many of them done employing the finest examples of Ottoman design and craftsmanship.[9]
On April 21, 1925 the mausoleums and domes at Al-Baqi in Medina were once again levelled [9] and so were indicators of the exact location of the resting places of the Muhammad’s family members and descendants, as it remains to the present day. Portions of the famed Qasida al-Burda, the 13th Century ode written in praise of Muhammad by Imam Muhammed al-Busiri (1211–1294), inscribed over Muhammad's tomb were painted over.
Among specific sites targeted at this time were the graves of the Martyrs of the Battle of Uhud, including the grave of the renowned Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad and one of his most beloved supporters, the Mosque of Fatimah Al Zahraa’, daughter of Mohammad, the Mosque of the Two Lighthouses (Manaratayn) as well as the Qubbat Al-Thanaya,[9] the cupola built as the burial place of Mohammad’s incisor tooth, which was broken from a blow received during the Battle of Uhud.
In Medina, the Mashrubat Umm Ibrahim, the home of Mohammad’s Coptic Egyptian wife Mariah and birthplace of their son Ibrahim, as well as the adjacent burial site of Hamida al-Barbariyya, mother of Imam Musa al-Kadhim, were destroyed during this time.[9] The site was paved over and is today part of the massive marble esplanade beside the Mosque.
The Government appointed permanent scholarly committee of Saudi Arabia has ordered the demolishing of such structures in a series of Islamic rulings noting excessive veneration leading to Shirk [10]
(Komentar Bloger: Dalam catatan para saksi sejarah, kita dapat merasakan suasana teror yang dahsyat ketika pertama kali gerakan radikal ini ditubuhkan dan menunjukan kekuatannya di jazirah arabia. Berikut kutipan dari catatan seorang agen Inggris yang dikenal sebagai Lawrence of Arabia yang turut mengawal dan membidani kelahiran awal dari gerakan ini dalam aksi "bughot" dan "kedurhakaan" mereka menentang kekhalfahan Islam yang sah khilafah Islam Turki Usmani.
Di saat yang sama kekuatan Turki Usmani juga dalam "kebobrokan" baik dari segi moral dan "spiritual" sehingga dalam situasi yang sama ketika menumpas gerakan wahabisme ini, justru melampiaskan kemarahannya kepada penduduk sipil, akibatnya kita melihat gerakan wahabisme justru semakin kuat dan mendapat dukungan. Namun di mana-mana setiap kemunculan fitnah, maka yang paling menderita justru adalah rakyat kecil yang tidak tahu apa-apa. demikian juga yang terjadi di era kontemporer ini di masa gejolak dunia arab yang kita kenal sebagai "arab spring". Namun yang menjadi kunci dari kutipan berikut bahwa keterlibatan agen-agen asing dalam mempelopori kekacauan dan perang saudara sesama kaum muslimin sungguhlah nyata dan merupakan sebuah fakta sejarah tak terbantahkan.
Lawrence of Arabia, 1918
Before 1914, twenty-six-year-old T.E. Lawrence worked for the British Museum digging among the Hittite ruins in Mesopotamia. The Oxford graduate had spent years in the desert developing an intimate knowledge and love of the Bedouin tribes that roamed the region. At the outbreak of war Lawrence was rejected as physically unfit for military service but his unique knowledge of the area made him a perfect candidate for the Intelligence Service at Cairo.
The war in the Middle East did not go well for the British in the early days of the conflict. Their defeat at Gallipoli and inability to dislodge the Turks from the Dardanelles exposed the Suez Canal to potential attack. Meanwhile, the Arabs viewed the involvement of the Ottoman Empire in World War One as an opportunity to revolt and drive the Turks from their land. Seizing this chance to harass the Turks, the British lent support to the Arabs through shipments of arms and money. The revolt sputtered however and was by 1916 in danger of collapsing. Lawrence was sent to bring order and direction to the Arab cause. The experience transformed the introverted and studious Lawrence into one of the most colorful military figures of the war. For two years Lawrence and his band of Arab irregulars attacked Turkish strongholds, severed communications, destroyed railways and supported the British regular army in the drive north to Damascus.
Massacre and Revenge
In the following account Lawrence describes one of the most controversial episodes of his experience in the Desert. On September 27, 1918 he and his Arab force were in hot pursuit of a retreating Turkish column numbering approximately 2,000 soldiers. Coming upon the village of Tafas south of the city of Damascus they were confronted with the horrifying aftermath of the Turk rampage through the village. Mutilated bodies of women and children lay among the smoking ruins. As the sickened Lawrence watched the scattered Turkish column disappear over the horizon he gave his order: "take no prisoners."
Tallal had seen what we had seen. He gave one moan like a hurt animal; then rode to the upper ground and sat there a while on his mare, shivering and looking fixedly after the Turks. I moved near to speak to him, but Auda caught my rein and stayed me. Very slowly Tallal drew his headcloth about his face; and then he seemed suddenly to take hold of himself, for he dashed his stirrups into the mare's flanks and galloped headlong, bending low and swaying in the saddle, right at the main body of the enemy.
It was a long ride down a gentle slope and across a hollow. We sat there like stone while he rushed forward, the drumming of his hoofs unnaturally loud in our ears, for we had stopped shooting, and the Turks had stopped. Both armies waited for him; and he rocked on in the
The third part, the smallest, was mostly made up of German and Austrian machine-gunners grouped round three motor cars and a handful of mounted officers or troopers. They fought magnificently and repulsed us time and again despite our hardiness. The Arabs were fighting like devils, the sweat blurring their eyes, dust parching their throats; while the flame of cruelty and revenge which was burning in their bodies so twisted them that their hands could hardly shoot. By my order we took no prisoners, for the only time in our war.'"
References:
Lawrence, T.E., Revolt in the Desert (1927); Lawrence, T.E., Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926); Thomas, Lowell, With Lawrence in Arabia (1924). Selengkapnya dapat dibaca dihttp://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/lawrence.htm )
Criticism of policy regarding religious heritage sites
The last ten years have seen an increase in the demolition of sites in Mecca and Medina. As the annual Hajj continues to draw larger crowds year after year, the Saudi authorities have deemed it necessary to raze large tracts of formerly residential neighborhoods around the two mosques to make way for pilgrimage-related infrastructure. In 2010, it was forecast that developers were going to spend an estimated $13 billion on the largest expansion project in the city’s history.[11] While there is widespread agreement for the need of facilities that can accommodate greater numbers of pilgrims, the development of upscale hotels and condominium towers, restaurants, shopping centers and even two luxury spas[12] has caused some to criticize the over-commercialization of a site which many consider to be a Divinely ordained sanctuary for Muslims. The rapid influx of capitalist investment in Mecca and Medina leads many to believe that money and economic growth are ultimately the bottom line for Saudi authorities. A proposition which critics argue works hand in hand with Wahhabi state policy that looks to impose a massive cultural and social deletion within the Holy Cities,[13] erasing any elements that give way to practices that go against the Wahhabi creed.Destroyed sites
In 1801 and 1802, the Saudis under Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud attacked and captured the holy Shia cities of Karbala and Najaf in Iraq, massacred parts of the Muslim population and destroyed the tombs of Husayn ibn Ali who is the grandson of Muhammad, and son of Ali (Ali bin Abu Talib), the son-in-law of Muhammad. (see: Saudi sponsorship mentioned previously) In 1803 and 1804 the Saudis captured Mecca and Medina and destroyed historical monuments and various holy Muslim sites and shrines, such as the shrine built over the tomb of Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad, and even intended to destroy the grave of Muhammad himself as idolatrous, causing outrage throughout the Muslim World.[14][15][16] In Mecca, the tombs of direct relations of Muhammad including his first wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid were demolished at Al-Ma’ala Cemetery.[17]- Below is an incomplete list of destroyed sites
Mosques
- The mosque at the grave of Sayyid al-Shuhada’ Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib.[9]
- The Mosque of Fatima Zahra.[9]
- The Mosque of al-Manaratain.[9]
- Mosque and tomb of Sayyid Imam al-Uraidhi ibn Ja‘far al-Sadiq, destroyed by dynamite on August 13, 2002.
- Four mosques at the site of the Battle of the Trench in Medina.
- The Mosque of Abu Rasheed.[18]
- Salman al-Farsi Mosque, in Medina.[18]
- Raj'at ash-Shams Mosque, in Medina.[18]
Cemeteries and tombs
- Jannat al-Baqi in Medina, leveled, still open access for men only.
- Jannat al-Mu'alla, the ancient cemetery at Mecca.[18]
- Grave of Hamida al-Barbariyya, the mother of Imam Musa al-Kazim.
- Grave of Amina bint Wahb, Muhammad’s mother, bulldozed and set alight in 1998.
- Graves of Banu Hashim in Mecca.[18]
- Tombs of Hamza and other casualties of the Battle of Uhud were demolished at Mount Uhud.[18]
- Tomb of Eve in Jeddah,[18] sealed with concrete in 1975.
- Grave of the father of Muhammad, in Medina.[18]
Historical religious sites
- The house of Mawlid where Muhammad is believed to have been born in 570. Originally turned into a library, it now lies under a rundown building which was built 70 years ago as a compromise after Wahhabi clerics called for it to be torn down.[19]
- The house of Khadija, Muhammad’s first wife. Muslims believe he received some of the first revelations there. It was also where his children Fatimah and Qasim were born. After it was rediscovered during the Haram extensions in 1989, it was covered over and it was made into a library.
- House of Muhammed in Medina, where he lived after the migration from Mecca.[18]
- Dar e Arqam, the first Islamic school where Muhammad taught.[19] It now lies under the extension of the Masjid Al Nabawi of Madinah.
- Qubbat’ al-Thanaya, the burial site of Muhammed's incisor that was broken in the Battle of Uhud.[9]
- Mashrubat Umm Ibrahim, built to mark the location of the house where Muhammad’s son, Ibrahim, was born to Mariah.
- Dome which served as a canopy over the Well of Zamzam.[18]
- Bayt al-Ahzan of Sayyida Fatima, in Medina.[18]
- House of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, in Medina.[18]
- Mahhalla complex of Banu Hashim, in Medina.[18]
- House of Ali where Hasan and Husayn were born.[18]
See also
- Islamist destruction of Timbuktu heritage sites
- Wahhabism
- Jannat ul-Baqi
- Yaum e gham
- Jawatha Mosque
- Iconoclasm
- Destruction of Shia mosques during the 2011 Bahraini uprising
References
- http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/medina-saudis-take-a-bulldozer-to-islams-history-8228795.html
- http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-11/india/35749248_1_islamic-heritage-islamic-cooperation-aiumb-general-secretary
- Yamani, Mai (2009). "Devotion". Cradle of Islam. London: I.B. TAURIS. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-84511-824-2.
- Yamani, Mai (2009). "Devotion". Cradle of Islam. London: I.B. TAURIS. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-84511-824-2.
- Rentz, George S. (2004). "Devotion". The Birth of the Islamic Reform Movement in Saudi Arabia. London: Arabian Publishing Ltd. p. 139. ISBN 0-9544792-2-X.
- Angawi, Dr.Sami (February 19, 2002). "A NewsHour with Jim Lehrer Transcript". PBS NewsHour Online Transcript. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
- The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam
- Anthony H. Cordesman. Saudi Arabia enters the 21st century. Praeger (April 21, 2003). ISBN 978-0-275-98091-7. "The tension between Saudi Shi'ite and Wahhabi is especially intense because Saudi "Wahhabis" actively reject all veneration of man, even the prophet. At one point, they even attempted to destroy Muhammad's tomb in Medina. In contrast, the Saudi Shi'ites are "Twelvers," a branch of Islam that venerates the Prophet's son-in-law Ali, and believes that the leadership of Islam must pass through Ali's line. They venerate each of the past imams, and make pilgrimages to their tombs."
- Irfan Ahmed, The Destruction of Holy Sites in Mecca and Medina, page 1, Islamica Magazine, Issue 15.page 71. Accessed online October 29, 2010.
- "Fatwas of the Permanent Committee". Official KSA Rulings. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- Abou-Ragheb, Laith (July 12, 2005). "Dr.Sami Angawi on Wahhabi Desecration of Makkah". Center for Islamic Pluralism. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
- http://www.fairmont.com/makkah
- Laessing, Ulf (November 18, 2010). "Mecca goes Upmarket". Reuters. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
- The Destruction of Holy Sites in Mecca and Medina By Irfan Ahmed in Islamic Magazine, Issue 1, July 2006
- Nibras Kazimi, A Paladin Gears Up for War, The New York Sun, November 1, 2007
- John R Bradley, Saudi's Shi'ites walk tightrope, Asia Times, March 17, 2005
- http://theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/destruction_of_islamic_architectural_heritage_in_saudi_arabia_a_wake_up_cal
- History of the Cemetery of Jannat al-Baqi, History of the Shrines, Al-Islam.org (Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project). Accessed online 16 December 2008.
- Salah Nasrawi,Mecca’s ancient heritage is under attack - Developments for pilgrims and the strict beliefs of Saudi clerics are encroaching on or eliminating Islam’s holy sites in the kingdom, Los Angeles Times, September 16, 2007. Accessed online 16 December 2008.
What is the difference between Legend (myth), and History (real existence of people)?
(1) The Telegraph reported on November 2, 2012 that Sauds are bulldozing Islam’s Heritage mercilessly. The Paper questioned why Muslims all over the world are keeping silent on this destruction. Read detailed report.
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